The first significant immigration law in the United States was the Naturalization Act of 1790. This law established the first rules for the naturalization of foreign-born individuals in the United States. Key aspects of the act included:
- Eligibility: It restricted naturalization to “free white persons” who had resided in the U.S. for at least two years.
- Exclusion: It explicitly excluded indentured servants, slaves, and most women.
- Good Character: Applicants had to demonstrate good moral character.
- Oath of Allegiance: Applicants were required to take an oath of allegiance to the United States.
The Naturalization Act of 1790 laid the groundwork for future immigration policies and reflected the prevailing attitudes and social structures of the time. It was relatively inclusive compared to later laws but still limited citizenship to a specific racial and social group.
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